When the temperature is warm, there are lots of people out of their houses, interacting with each other, getting annoyed with one another, and sometimes committing crimes. It is much more likely that both ice cream sales and crime rates are related to the temperature outside. Identify independent and dependent variablesÄid you know that as sales in ice cream increase, so does the overall rate of crime? Is it possible that indulging in your favorite flavor of ice cream could send you on a crime spree? Or, after committing crime do you think you might decide to treat yourself to a cone? There is no question that a relationship exists between ice cream and crime (e.g., Harper, 2013), but it would be pretty foolish to decide that one thing actually caused the other to occur.Discuss how experimenter or participant bias could affect the results of an experiment.Explain random sampling and assignment of participants into experimental and control groups.Discuss our tendency to look for relationships between variables that do not really exist.Recognize that correlation does not indicate a cause-and-effect relationship between variables.Explain what a correlation coefficient tells us about the relationship between variables.By the end of this section, you will be able to:
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